To study this overestimation issue further, a different antibody was tested under the same circumstances, but again, this resulted in high overestimations.
As shown in this study, this overestimation can be mitigated either by calculating the PEV reliability based on the reduced additive genetic variance of the selection candidates or by using theoretical equilibrium reliabilities.
This is likely to result in an overestimation of within-study variance and an underestimation of between-study variance.
Although the absorbed doses were high in our study compared to human study (overestimation related to inter-species differences), 5GBq 177Lu-OPS201 can be safely administered to the patients at least two times without reaching the critical organ dose for the kidney.
Description of cases of large overestimation in future studies would be valuable in guiding future research and practice.
In the herein presented studies overestimation of lesion extent by mammography is rare, yet underestimation is more rule than exception.
27 29 36–38 Post-test estimation of probability was generally poor with a tendency to overestimation; only two studies found some evidence of successful application of Bayesian reasoning.
In these studies overestimation of body height and underestimation of body weight tended to increase by increasing age and measured BMI in both sexes [ 27, 28].
A recent database analysis by D'Amico et al 22 using a competing risk model showed that the cumulative incidence of varices at 10 and 20 years was 44%and53%3%, respectively, suggesting an overestimation in previous studies not using a competing risk model.
We agree that if a study includes only the first few years of screening dissemination without any post-screening follow-up that this can lead to overestimation, but most existing studies appropriately measure incidence during a screening and post-screening follow-up period and are thus able to measure overdiagnosis without this bias.
