In sum, the results of this study documented that a noticeable proportion of the public exhibited avoidance behaviors that had not been advised by the government and negative psychological responses at the early 'pre-community outbreak phase' of the H1N1 outbreak.
This prevalence estimate was similar to that reported in the few yaws outbreaks documented in other African countries, such as in Ghana in 1981 (4.0%) [15] and in the mid-Hawal river valley in Nigeria in 1998 (4.2%) [36].
The average number of infections generated by each infected person was then determined for each of the outbreaks documented in the Table, which varied from 0.8 to 3.0 (this variation most likely reflects the stochasticity that is inherent in very small outbreaks—see also discussion below).
4 However, children may also be infected outside the family and several outbreaks in schools have documented that weeklong exposure in school classes to an infectious teacher or classmate increases the risk of infection substantially.
Investigators of the first WNV disease outbreak in North America in 1999 documented that older persons and persons with diabetes are at increased risk for death after WNV infection (1, 5– 7) However, few epidemiologic studies have examined the sequelae or time course of recovery from WNV meningitis or encephalitis in survivors.
Although entomological surveillance was not conducted on these islands during the CHIKV outbreak of 2013, previous entomological surveys documented that Ae. hensilli was very common and that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were both absent on Fais (Aure F, unpublished data), Eauripik, 27 and Ulithi and Ifalik Atolls.
5 6 An outbreak in a Swedish day-care centre documented that more than half of the attending children were infected after 5 months daily exposure to a preschool teacher with cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis.
Although this outbreak was well documented in these two countries, DENV circulation in Mayotte was not reported at the time.
This diary is the only known document that describes this outbreak and provides information not officially documented concerning possible risk factors such as overcrowding and the suboptimal outbreak response by military leaders.
"What they were able to document is, rather than this major outbreak that was easy to document, there's been this insidious, chronic mortality, that, if you add it up over time, is no less threatening to the whitebark," said Logan.
