Amplitude modulation involves switching the sign (pmOmega_{0}); this is equivalent to holding (Omega_{0}) constant and instead shifting the phase (phi_{0}) by π, indicated by the hatching.
Frequency modulation involves varying the frequency (the number of times the wave passes through a complete cycle in a given period of time, measured as cycles per second) of the carrier in accordance with the amplitude of the information signal.
Response modulation involves the physiological and behavioral ways of regulating emotion after it is felt.
In addition to changes in cell behavior, smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation involves changes in gene expression.
Endogenous pain modulation, involving supraspinal diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), has been shown to be impaired in patients with idiopathic pain disorders such as fibromyalgia, tension type headache, painful osteoarthritis and TMD [25 27].
Due to the differences in the signal modulation involved as well as the differences in the bandwidths utilized by each channel, energy spectral densities corresponding to signals transmitted for different wireless services can be expected to be different.
Expressive suppression is a way of response modulation involving inhibition of emotion-expressive behavior [27].
It could, however, also indicate enhanced frontal brain activity, such as emotional feedback modulation involving prefrontal cortices, being part of the ANS central network.
This would suggest that NER function is not life-span limiting in post-mitotic tissue, partially on account of an adaptive transcriptome modulation involving activation of p38 MAPK stress-response signaling.
Reversal of these effects occurs when alpha-2 antagonists are concomitantly administered with dexmedetomidine, suggesting that neural-immune modulation involving alpha-2 stimulation is essential to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of dexmedetomidine [ 2].
