This measurements can be obtained using a broadcast transmission from each sensor as all other sensors listen.
All this measurements and calculations showed effort of railway axles producers aimed at higher safety and better fatigue properties of railway axles.
To achieve this, measurements of electrical and thermal resistivities were carried out on different types soils compacted at different densities and moisture contents.
To study this, measurements have been made of the interaction between two premixed laminar V-shaped flames ("W" configuration) for a Lewis number less than 1.
For this measurements, a cylindrical lens (focal length of 75 mm) was used, with an elliptical spot size of typical semi-axis dimensions 1,000 × 25 μm, resulting in a sampling area of ≈80 × 103 μm2 = 0.08 mm2.
Nevertheless, this measurements help estimating the DR threshold as they are an alternative to the link-budget-based approach and as they can be used to validate the aforementioned approach.
