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Nevertheless, this lack of "substrate flatness" should partially be solved by the presence of a reference point for the focusing software.
This lack of substrate specificity explains the cross-resistance to several chemotherapeutic compounds, the characteristic clinical feature found in a multi-drug resistance phenotype.
Whereas this lack of substrate specificity might, in earlier times, have been interpreted as evidence for an "under-evolved" enzyme (befitting the role of "scavenger"), it is now well recognized that substrate promiscuity is a key trait of highly evolvable enzymes (for review, see ref (13)).
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The number of observed salt bridges between cationic residues and RNA phosphates (between one and three depending on the structure used) qualitatively agrees with the salt dependence data; however, it is unclear whether the crystallographically defined contacts reflect those found in the ensemble of E S complexes, given the lack of substrate specificity in this complex.
We attribute the initial decrease of bacteria in solution to the lack of substrate (the treatments were prepared in DI water) required to support bacterial growth during the early stages of the experiment.
Under 40% of soil water filled pore space (WFPS), the application of DMPP caused an expected decrease of the target amoA gene abundance while narG, nirK and nosZ gene abundances also decreased probably due to an indirect effect induced by the lack of substrate for denitrifiers.
Due to the lack of substrate, LAR activity was examined using enzymatically synthesized substrates by the DFR recombinant enzyme.
In addition, both Pelobacter genomes contained many genes related to ABC transport systems, which were not included in the network due to the lack of substrate specificity.
As in the ∆ argRJ mutant, the N-acetylglutamate pool was significantly reduced in the ∆ argRD strain, most probably due to the lack of substrate for transacetylation by ArgJ.
This situation is mainly linked to two difficulties inherent in peroxidases: i) gene redundancy results in no visible mutant phenotype, and ii) the lack of substrate specificity in vitro, prohibits a determination of which compounds are real in planta substrate.
It is possible that only one of the three defects, the lack of substrate ubiquitylation, the increased Cullin auto-ubiquitylation or the increased KLHL3 ubiquitylation, is the major driver for the observed phenotypes.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com