It would involve the government arguing, as in Windsor, that the heightened-scrutiny test should be applied to Proposition 8, the logical extension of which is a rejection of Prop 8's marriage restriction, as its only justification is based on the weak rationale of custom or, worse, prejudice.
The requirement of justification is based on moral equality; and in certain contexts, successful justification leads to the above-named principles of equality, i.e., formal, proportional equality and the presumption of equality.
Third, Hayes's justification is based on an incorrect reading of the COPE guidelines [20], which recommend retraction if "findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g. data fabrication) or honest error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error)…".
If Pepper meant to say that Yale had to agree to the $8.5 million departure pay-out to keep Levin from leaving Yale, and it was necessary to the University's well-being for Levin to remain Yale's president for an additional decade, Pepper's justification is based on incorrect premises.
Such justification is based on the claim that, because scores on different tests inter-correlate to some extent, each test, however specialized, is also a measure of a general factor, g.
Its biological justification is based on the fact that, when unbiased estimates of the true distances are available, the correct phylogenetic tree has an expected length shorter than any other possible tree [ 2, 3] compatible with the distances in D.
The justification was based on the fact that it is easy to obtain information on economic proxies from households through simple questions or direct observation [40] rather than incomes which might have been falsified.
The justification for this is based on the low age of sexual debut in SA which places young girls at high risk of contracting HIV.
In the next section, we discuss a second, more recent justification that is based on probabilistic reasoning.
The justification for this assumption is based on the time scale or the thermal time constant (Jaupart and Mareschal 2011; Stuwe 2007): tau = frac{{l^{2} }}{kappa } (1a).
