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The lower diversity and apparently higher divergence between species for the PGRP-S2 gene suggests that this is duplication from PGRP-S3.
One way round this is duplication at the R locus, with retention of ancestral regulatory functions by one paralog and gain of the regulation of sex by the other paralog.
Evaluation of the pattern of Abp paralogs and interspersed repeated elements suggests that the mechanism for this is duplication of blocks containing combinations of < Abpbg-Abpa> modules and single Abpbg paralogs.
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This may appear to be duplication, but the need is justified.
This is a duplication and waste of scarce staff and financial resources.
For many standard interfaces, this is a duplication of the effort already expended by some other software engineer.
This is because duplication creates a redundant gene copy that is free from selection and that can evolve a new function (i.e., neofunctionalization).
The two most common processes at a genome scale level originating this signal are duplications and horizontal gene transfers.
According to this genome duplication theory, it is unlikely that the four genes in jawed vertebrates, i.e. GH, PRL1, PRL2 and SL, were duplication products of the single GH in jawless vertebrates.
This is consistent with duplication in tandem spanning the full length of the HPR gene, corresponding to the annotated segmental duplication containing the HPR gene.
University of London management say this is to avoid duplication of services, while ULU activists insist the move represents political opportunism.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com