He loved his native language, and stuck with it in exile (he could easily have switched to German) although he was well aware this decision ensured indigence and obscurity.
Despite the competition from other art media, and the agonies and the indigence, there are indications that the serious novel will flourish in the future.
The sheer Grub Street indigence of this to one side, it points up something that the great Murray Kempton noticed in his brilliant essay ("K Marx: Reporter") in a very early number of the fledgling New York Review of Books in 1967.
Although this Ministry is the only one authorized to issue indigence certificates, it has few resources to carry out this mandate; it has no agents outside the cities and, despite the fact that the agents are the experts on indigence, they have no shared vision of the issue and no standard selection criteria [ 26].
Those who were eventually selected as indigents were then issued an official indigence card by the governmental authorities that would enable them to have free access to see a primary healthcare provider and be exempted from costs for prescribed medications from the local dispensary.
A diverse range of respondents reported that the dual responsibility of the MCs for ratifying the list of indigents and for oversight of the pharmacies led to a restricted selection due to financial concerns despite there being other people in the villages who might legitimately have been considered indigent based on the selected definition of indigence.
In fact, to our knowledge, this was the first time this type of community-based process had been tested and that indigence cards were distributed in rural areas.
We have little knowledge in the African context, where much of the economy is informal, of the criteria used to determine indigence and of the processes that can help identify the indigent.
Village selection committees (VSCs) had the responsibility to generate a list of indigent individuals in their community based on a consensually-generated definition of indigence.
One of the few NGOs interested in the issue of indigence in Africa [ 77], funded by UNICEF at the time, abandoned this issue.
