This study, combining the extensive population genetic data on contemporary European wolves with the published data on ancient European wolves, suggests substantial changes in frequency and distribution of two main mtDNA haplogroups throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.
The diverse LD patterns among populations, the extensive population differentiation (high FST) and the presence of long haplotypes (high absolute values of iHS) point to recent positive selection acting to increase CNV frequency in a particular population.
It is useful to take a brief look at how the extensive population genetic and experimental literature on microbial evolution might inform our understanding of population genomic data.
Given the extensive population structure in sorghum, as well as kinship among elite sorghum lines, we also carried out GWAS using MLMs that take into account population structure (Q) and/or kinship (K) (Table 1).
The main strengths of this study include the extensive population-based coverage achieved by the QCR for the reporting of cancers among Queensland residents, combined with a high level of histological verification (88% in 2006) [ 8], which is important for distinguishing between new primary cancers and metastases of an existing cancer.
This pattern of extensive population connectivity across the central Pacific with isolation at the ends of the Pacific range is emerging in reef fishes (reviewed in [ 86]; see also [ 107]).
This analysis revealed an extensive population of clones that abutted but did not cross rhombomeric boundaries (34/116) (Table 2, Figure 1B).
Without extensive population genetic analyses, this criterion will be difficult to evaluate.
Under this hypothesis, they were subjected to more extensive population analysis with the expectation of finding high occupancy rates throughout.
The complexity of this problem is determined by presence of an extensive population of the dynamic requirements and restrictions, which essentially hampers use of classical methods of synthesis.
