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This enzyme thus charges both tRNAGlu and tRNAGln with glutamate.
Inhibitors of this enzyme thus have potential as treatments for hormone dependent breast cancer.
In rodent Leydig cells, TCDD has been shown to decrease the secretion of testosterone through interference with LH receptor expression, impairment of the cholesterol mobilization to mitochondrial cytochrome P450scc, or reduction of the activity of this enzyme, thus interfering with the first steps in testosterone production (Fukuzawa et al. 2004; Moore et al. 1991; Moore and Peterson 1988).
Our data clearly indicate that Are1p is the only enzyme with sterol esterification activity, this enzyme thus belonging to the ACAT family, and that the protein encoded by the ARE2 homolog has no affinity for sterol substrates despite its major contribution to DAG esterification.
In contrast, in our present case, in which 2-AG levels remained unaffected by the malonate-induced lesion, this might have allowed the upregulation of COX-2 and the subsequent potential transformation of basal 2-AG levels into PG-Gs by the action of this enzyme, thus supporting the above-mentioned idea of an imbalance between the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of 2-AG.
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Other molecules act as activators; i.e., they interact with an enzyme so as to enhance the binding of the substrate to the enzyme, thus enhancing catalytic activity.
These ions may also interact with the free carboxyl groups of the enzyme, thus altering the enzyme's conformation, which could partially deactivate the enzyme.
Remarkably, as solvents, DESs (e.g., Gly-based DESs) can activate and stabilize the enzyme, thus achieving a high reaction efficiency.
A low dextran content (5%) is sufficient to immobilise and stabilise the enzyme, thus diffusional limitation is reduced essentially while operational stability is maintained.
The yield of Z-aspartame reached at approximately 660 mM at 24 h with 50 mg mL−1 of the enzyme, thus submolar range productivity was achieved.
The unique solvent stability of the enzyme thus establishes it as promising biocatalyst for organic solvent-based enzymatic synthesis.
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