For alcohol drinking, subjects were categorised into never drinkers, former drinkers, or current drinkers who consumed <2 or ⩾2 Japanese drinks per day (one Japanese drink is equivalent to 23 g of ethanol) in this analysis.
The NHMRC guideline limits on safe alcohol consumption are 14 standard drinks (each standard drink is equivalent to 12.5 ml of pure alcohol) per week.
One standard drink is equivalent to 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof spirits.
dOne drink is equivalent to one bottle of normal beer, 0.67 bottle of strong beer, or one glass of wine, dessert wine, or spirits.
eOne drink is equivalent to one bottle of normal beer, 0.67 bottle of strong beer, or one glass of wine, dessert wine, or spirits.
a One drink is equivalent to 12 oz beer, 5 oz wine, or 1.5 oz liquor containing approximately 13.6 g of ethanol.
For alcohol, participants were instructed that "One drink is equivalent to a 12-ounce beer, a 5 ounce glass of wine, or a drink with one shot of liquor".
Subjects were told that one drink is equivalent to one bottle or 12-oz can of beer, one glass (or 4 oz) of wine, 1-oz cup sake, or one cocktail or mixed drink of hard liquor (1.5-oz shot).
a A Danish standard drink is equivalent to 12 grams pure alcohol [ 39]. b Mortality trends are based on mortality between 1977 and 2009 for cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer, and between 1994 and 2009 for other cancers and cirrhosis, due to lack of available comparable data [ 64].
Examples were provided to confirm that one drink was equivalent to 1 unit (8 g) of alcohol.
