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"If you weren't so good at getting this bystander stuff out there," Ms. Vanacore wrote in mock exasperation, "we could sleep on the weekends".
Pretreatment of cells with a low dose of X-rays four hours before alpha particle irradiation significantly decreased this bystander mutagenic response.
In this study, we evaluated serum levels of cytokines/chemokines in EBOV-infected nonhuman primates, as possible correlates of this bystander apoptosis.
Although this "bystander effect" has been observed in tissue culture and recently in living animals, no experiments have yet linked it to the main reason for concern: Bystander effects might trigger cancer.
Functional support by engrafted HH may be secured by strategies aimed at limiting this bystander effect.
The mechanisms underlying this bystander suppression in chronic helminth infection remain unclear, although it is probable that some of this suppression is due to the filaria-specific mechanisms mentioned above.
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Psychologists call this the "bystander effect," and it happens when your brain creates a rationale around why you shouldn't take a stand.
In this case, the bystander creates what Santosuosso calls a "false team" with the aggressor in order to de-escalate the situation.
With this tactic, the bystander states how they feel about the threats, in order to shift the aggressor's focus away from the victim and toward the intervener.
In this case, the bystander's motivation for offering affiliation is deemed to be empathetic and should increase with bond strength between the bystander and the affiliation recipient.
Under this condition the bystander should be a close bonding partner to the recipient's opponent, but the relationship with the affiliation partner is irrelevant [15], [20].
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