We focus our analysis on central regions of the abdominal expression pattern since previous studies suggest the occurrence of long-range repressive interactions that establish the borders of the 'stripe' (Perry et al., 2011).
Tsh A1 enrichment is coincident with the strongest Ubx abdominal expression in the anterior compartment of this segment (Fig. 1C).
This domain resolves poorly, with only weak activation of anterior Nv eve stripes and no posterior abdominal expression of Nv eve.
We therefore used tio-GAL4 (Datta et al., 2009) to drive GFP and observed broad, but patchy and stochastic, abdominal expression coincident with Tsh protein (Fig. 1F,G).
This catalog of abdominal gene expression will contribute to a more global understanding of anopheline physiology and immunity.
During stage 6 in the anterior-most abdominal segments, expression now spans the ventral midline, connecting the lateral expression domains (Figure 12C).
To test whether adult abdominal tsh expression is regulated downstream of the BX-C proteins, we analyzed Tsh expression in gain or loss of function genotypes as well as null mitotic clones for individual BX-C genes.
At late stage 12 and into early stage 13, the abdominal lms expression consists of clusters of three to four cells in each hemisegment and the size of the lms-positive thoracic cell clusters is increased (Fig. 2C).
Abdominal Ubx expression is strongest in the anterior compartment of A1 with weaker expression extending into A2 (Fig. 1C) (Kopp and Duncan, 2002).
Furthermore, in partial correlation analyses, gluteal (but not abdominal) LRP5 expression correlated negatively with upper-body fat accumulation, systemic insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation after adjustment for age, BMI, and menopausal status (Table S8).
