PPCM accounted for the second most common etiology of cardiomyopathy-related transplant in women in the United States.
Cortical malformations (CM), particularly focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), are increasingly recognized as the most common etiology in pediatric epilepsy and the second most common etiology in adults with medically intractable seizures [1].
Mutations of KATP channel subunits are the second most common etiology (3).
Falls, from either elevation or at ground level, were typically the second most common etiology.
In other countries, falls were typically the second most common etiology.
In the elderly patients, idiopathic pancreatitis was the second most common etiology whereas alcohol and hyperlipemia are less common causes than in the younger population.
Indeed, VZV is now recognized as one of the main cause of adult encephalitis: in recent series on encephalitis from Europe, VZV has been identified as the second most common etiology, remaining Herpes Simplex the first one [ 3, 4].
Noroviruses have recently been recognized as the second most common etiology of infant diarrhea and hospitalization for diarrhea, and cause an estimated 200 000 child deaths annually in developing countries [ 5].
HNF4A mutations have only been reported previously in five probands with diazoxide responsive neonatal hypoglycemia (14, 16), but we found HNF4A mutations in a further nine cases, making this the third most common genetic etiology within the cohort and the second most common cause of isolated diazoxide responsive HH.
The polymorphic repeat also encodes a member of the DUX gene family [11], [12] termed DUX4 which is supposed to have a major impact on the etiology of FSHD (Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy;[13] [15]), the third most common muscular dystrophy [16].
The most common etiology of TMJ ankylosis is previous trauma, with the second being infection [ 2– 4].
