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aControl region excluded bAll third codon sites excluded cControl region and all third codon sites excluded Analyses using individual components of the mitochondrial genome revealed wide variations in relative support for the three candidate topologies.
Inter-group differences in base preferences are more apparent in the third codon sites of both LeS and LaS genes.
It is in contrast to the earlier observations on preferences of pyrimidines over purines in third codon sites [ 26].
For the ML analyses we used "Find best DNA/protein models (ML)" program of MEGA5 to estimate the most likely model of sequence evolution including third codon sites.
As majority of the third codon sites are synonymous, we decide to set more stringent thresholds using the alignment of coding sequences without using third codons.
The fastest data partition (third codon sites) evolved at about 16.6 times the rate of the slowest data partition (second codon sites).
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We let N and M be the numbers of second codon sites in S>0.6 and S<0.6, respectively.
By estimating the node sequences at the nucleotide level, we calculated the numbers of nonsynonymous changes at the first and second codon sites, and also the number of synonymous changes at the FD3rd codon sites, between the root sequence and the terminal sequences.
The A→C flow also occurred at the first codon sites and yielded intraflows (the Ile/Met→Leu) among the Hoa, but the increase in Leu residues showed no hydrophobicity dependence, in contrast to the increase in Thr residues (Figure 3B).
First and second codon sites, however, appear to maintain most of their weak phylogenetic signal through time.
There were about the same number of variable RNA characters in rate class 6 (532) as there were second codon sites (543).
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