To our knowledge, the dGEMRIC method has not been applied to the lower ankle joint before, probably because the cartilage is thin and segmentation is technically difficult.
RPE thinning was defined as an RPE segmentation band thinner than half the normal RPE segmentation band thickness over a width of at least 10% of a B-scan.
Although they work well for segmenting major parts of vessels, these techniques cannot handle challenging problems including (a) segmentation of thinner blood vessels due to low contrast around thin blood vessels; (b) inhomogeneous intensities, which lead to inaccurate segmentation.
Hdac1Δ/Δep hair2Δ/+ep hair was also thinner and the medulla segmentation was partly disrupted.
This eye does not present a serious challenge for RBC segmentation (only slight RPE thinning in the middle), but determining CSI is difficult as the signal becomes very weak due to the thickness of the choroid.
Mineral segmentation in thin sections is a challenging, popular, and important research topic in computational geology, mineralogy, and mining engineering.
This methodology involves the sampling of rocks, followed by the making and imaging of thin rock samples, image segmentation, three-dimensional reconstruction and flow simulation.
Mineral segmentation in thin sections containing altered minerals, in which there are no evident and close boundaries, is a rather complex process.
However, intelligent mineral segmentation in thin sections containing altered minerals has not been widely investigated in the literature, and the current state of the art algorithms are not able to accurately segment minerals in such thin sections.
Segmentation and thinning were implemented using the Insight Toolkit (ITK) [ 24] while the solution to the Eikonal equation (Eq. 2) was found using the Fast Marching Method [ 25].
