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The Trump campaign did so through the illusory truth effect, a thinking error in our minds that happens when false statements are repeated many times and we begin to see them as true.
One common thinking error related to coincidences is known in psychology as Type 1 error.
Turning once again to Clinton, we see her playing into a thinking error known as illusion of control.
Fortunately, we can use another technique from behavioral science to correct for this thinking error - consider the alternative.
Clinton's statements on debt, along with Trump's, showed both illusion of control and the desirability bias, the thinking error that one's idealized outcomes would come true.
I later learned that I found myself in this situation in part because of a common thinking error which scientists call the mere-exposure effect.
Similar(40)
There is also evidence that learning about logical fallacies and common thinking errors can help you to think more rationally about the news you consume, so that you appraise information based on the quality of the arguments – rather than whether it simply aligns with your existing beliefs.
This same theme applies to practically all of our thinking errors: self-knowledge is surprisingly useless.
Perhaps our most dangerous bias is that we naturally assume that everyone else is more susceptible to thinking errors, a tendency known as the "bias blind spot".
They discuss the logic of the tasks used to measure cognitive biases, and they develop a unique typology of thinking errors.
Her therapist taught her to write down these thoughts and then to identify her thinking errors – for instance, the way she is prone to catastrophise, always jumping in her mind straight to the worst possible scenario.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com