In an essay in "A History of English Laughter," Kay Himberg explains that laughter was thought to "counteract the splenetic condition in a medical way," or, as we might say, Laughter is the best medicine.
But she notes that progestin is thought to counteract the effects of estrogen on brain tissue and that estrogen taken by itself may yet be good for the brain.
To determine whether p107 dephosphorylation played an important role in the chondrocyte response to FGF, we therefore thought to counteract the FGF-induced dephosphorylation of p107 by overexpressing the cyclin D1/cdk4 complex.
ERβ-selective estrogens might be more desirable for HT than ERα-selective estrogens, because studies indicate that ERα mediates cell proliferation that contributes to breast and endometrial cancer whereas ERβ generally is thought to counteract ERα-dependent ERα-dependentation and tumor formation [21], [22], [23].
Tregs are thought to counteract the anti-tumor response of cancer vaccines.
It is thought to counteract the proliferation of dysfunctional cells and is the key characteristic of ineffective hematopoiesis and marrow failure [ 9, 10].
Since BMP-7 is thought to counteract the pro-fibrotic effects of TGFβ [ 31, 32], inhibition of CTGF might also restore an anti-fibrotic regulatory pathway.
The net elevated immune function in short days is thought to counteract the suppressive effects of environmental stressors such as low ambient temperature on immune function [ 20].
The 5-HT1A receptor is thought to counteract the deleterious effects of 5-HT2A receptor activation (i.e., the disruption of brain cell creation), mediated by increased release of the neurotransmitter glutamate and direct glucocorticoid effects (Hoebel et al 2007).
Preferential retention of paralogous gene pairs is thought to counteract disturbances in gene dosage and stoichiometric ratios of regulatory protein complexes after large-scale segmental duplication events and the onset of gene inactivation and loss of gene duplicates [ 44].
