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The minimum thickness of the members of an optimized structure is controlled by simply setting the lower bound of the thickness variables for the moving bars.
The coupling time and thickness variables formalism is presented in an elegant matrix way allowing a versatility and capability of the formalism to handle more general multilayered plates.
The optimization problem is formulated such that probabilistic thickness variables described with random characteristics are determined by minimizing the weight of the riser support structure subjected to stress constraints for the given target reliability.
This work couples a nonlinear shell model to an unsteady vortex lattice solver, and then computes analytical design gradients: the derivative of aerodynamic force/power quantities with respect to a large vector of thickness variables.
A co-volume scheme is introduced for the rotating shallow water equations, in which both velocity components are specified on cell edges, and the thickness variables evolve on both the primary and the dual cell centers.
The considered set of FEs is hierarchical in the sense that a variable kinematics approach is employed: both Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) and Layer-Wise (LW) variable descriptions are implemented, keeping the expansion order for thickness variables generic.
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It is assumed that the nonhomogeneous mechanical properties of the plate, graded through thickness, are described by a power function of the thickness variable.
By means of homogenization, the domain containing the very rough interface is replaced by an effective material layer whose elastic constants depend on the thickness variable.
The stiffness of a monolithic laminate can be expressed as a linear combination of material invariants, one thickness variable, and twelve lamination parameters, which is an efficient alternative to using fibre angles as design variables.
For example, Wilson et al. 2017 use the ash thickness variable (defined as a Hazard Intensity Metric (HIM); Table 1) to produce a series of volcanic ash fragility functions for different infrastructure types.
bSRT_Thickness is the smooth rank transform of the thickness variable (see Methods for details).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com