Open image in new window Fig. 7 Results of calculated flow rate according to the thickness of slip-layer.
where ρ is the density of the granular fluid materials, λ is the linear grain concentration defined by the ratio of the grain diameter to the mean free separation distance between the grains, D is the grain diameter, V is the slip rate, and w is the thickness of the slip zone.
In addition, a precise calculation on the rheological property of the slip layer could be achieved by assuming the thickness of the slip layer.
The length and diameter of pipeline are also considered to change the thickness of the slip layer.
The thickness of the slip layers was a control parameter showing variation in between 1 and 3 mm even though its average was still 2 mm.
A flow simulation conducted by Jo et al. (2012) and Choi (2013; Choi et al. 2013a, 2013b) showed that the thickness of the slip layer slightly depends on the length of the pipe, concrete mixture, and the piping diameter.
The thickness of the slip layer, deduced from the velocity distribution, varies slightly depending on the mix-proportion of concrete even though its approximation could be still said to 2 mm.
Hereinafter we assume a finite and constant thickness of the slip zone w perfect conversion of internal energy into frictional heating, and an isotropic surrounding medium with a constant porosity.
For simplicity, w equals to thickness of the slip zone (gouge zone), and the energy taken up by chemical reactions and heat transfer due to fluid flow are ignored.
In addition to transport properties such as permeability, the thickness of the seismic slip zone appears to be an important factor controlling coseismic deformation mechanisms.
Results of a sensitivity analysis of slip zone thickness (w) along the megasplay.
