This is because the mixing layer thickness is less than the XPS probing depth.
The standard deviation of the thickness is less than 2%% of the target value.
When the average ligament thickness is less than the critical value a dramatic toughness jump results.
The influence of the film thickness is less than it is expected from theoretical models.
The molecular weight, however, affects the contact slider dynamics, when the lubricant film thickness is less than one monolayer.
Actually, the Si films are flexible and bendable when the thickness is less than approximately 50 μm.
However, the film always displays discontinuous structure with many cracks, and its thickness is less than 1 μm [8, 15].
This increase is considerable when wire thickness is less than the Bohr radius of an impurity electron (y 1 < 0.4).
By the use of IC technology, the micro-generator can obtain a high voltage output, and its thickness is less than 200 μm.
In this work, we design an ultra-thin absorption coating at the S band, and the total thickness is less than 2 mm.
