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To have this zero OPD we calculated the required thickness difference between the central and the ring area of the custom made RBL.
High resolution X-ray diffraction confirmed that both structures' active regions were within 0.5% of the intended thickness, resulting in an actual thickness difference between the two structures of 2.1%.
The aim of this paper is to improve the reliability of Proton Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack by designing the clamping force and the thickness difference between the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and the gasket.
The results show that the developed imprinting system can remarkably improve the uniformity of the residual thickness after imprinting, as compared with those of the conventional press, in spite of the thickness difference between the used stamps.
Based on the optimization result, the blank holder is redesigned and machined, stamping test results indicate that defect-free stamping parts are formed with same blank holder forces, and the thickness difference between the original and newly stamped parts along a cross section is less than 0.06 mm, i.e. 4.29% of the initial blank thickness.
Therefore, we have considered the retardance for QWP514 as ϕ 514 following the relation in Eq. (5), and we have considered the retardance for QWP488 follows a relation ϕ 488 = t ϕ 514, where t is a multiplicative factor that takes into account the small amount of thickness difference between the two plates.
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Fault throw can be approximately expressed by thickness differences between the depositional strata on the hanging wall and footwall.
Figure 4 shows the thickness differences between the imaging and 3D histopathology data and the final 5-μm-thick tissue slices.
An additional analysis was performed to investigate thickness differences between the 4 samples.
Therefore, in spite of thickness differences between the two films investigated, in a direct comparison of the elemental depth profiles, these sputter-profiling-induced artifacts are canceled out, thus disclosing only the difference in the Pd, Ti, and Si distribution in the films caused by the annealing and annealing-induced deuterium evolution processes.
For pure nickel deposition, the coating thickness difference between different side faces is increased when the electrolyte is stirred.
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