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Within the platelet regime, there is a critical thickness at which surface roughening occurs.
TiN film was continuously deposited until reaching the thickness at which the film was fractured due to stored energy accumulation.
The thickness at which the stress turnaround is observed increases as the substrate temperature increases or the deposition rate decreases.
ZrN film was continuously deposited until reaching the thickness at which the film was fractured due to stored energy accumulation.
The turbulent boundary layer thickness at which the cylindrical structure was placed varied from 26 120 mm.
To determine the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness at which visual field (VF) damage becomes detectable and associated with structural loss.
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However, the onset thickness (h*), at which thickness E f(T,h) deviates from the bulk value, can be modulated by T. h* becomes larger at higher T because of the depression of the quenching depth, which determines the thickness of the surface layer δ.
Also, the thicknesses at which the two functions deviate from the corresponding bulk values are almost the same, as in the case of the PnPMA/PDMS system.
Considering a criterion that the deviation of the modulus starts when E T,h)/E(T,∞) ≈ 0.96, the critical film thickness h*, at which the deviation starts for different temperature, is shown in Figure 4.
Mild OA was defined as cartilage damage <2 Outerbridge score on arthroscopy (which means the cartilage damage was partial thickness at most), which is milder than the patients with cartilage defects included in this study that were mostly full thickness cartilage defects.
A critical thickness, ≈1.95 nm, at which the pseudomorphic growth cannot be preserved and after which the cubic phase transforms into its hexagonal counterpart, has been quantified.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com