Maestre-Ferrin et al. compared the efficacy of panoramic radiography, computed tomography (CT), and 3D CT in the diagnosis of mucosal thickening, mucous cysts, or complete opacity when using implant-planning software and showed that panoramic radiography was comparatively inferior [14].
Both types of birth control pills prevent fertilization mainly by inhibiting ovulation and thickening cervical mucous.
Wall thickening, subepithelial fibrosis, mucous metaplasia, deposition of extracellular matrix in the subepithelial layer, myofibroblast hyperplasia, bronchial smooth muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy, hyperplasia of submucosal glands, and increase of submucosal vessels have been defined as structural alterations to represent the remodeling manifestations of asthma [32], [33].
The facial bones CT showed a mucous membrane thickening of the maxillary sinus and the mastoid air cells, and a thinning of the internal wall of the left frontal sinus with a possible small bone defect, without hyperpneumatization.
For ethical reasons, CF drugs have to be tested in adult patients, but mucous membranes thicken with age.
The walls of the bile ducts are thickened, the epithelium multiplied with mucous metaplasia, and desquamated cells, parasite eggs and brown pigment are present in their lumen.
In evaluating maxillary sinus abnormalities using 2-D panoramic imaging, Vallo et al. [50] identified mucosal thickening in 12% and mucous retention cysts in 7% of radiographs.
The following subscores were obtained by averaging subscores across the 6 lobes in each patient: bronchiectasis, mucous plugging, peribronchial thickening, and parenchymal disease.
DLNO, DLCO, Dm and Vc showed the closest correlations with bronchiectasis, mucous plugging and peribronchial thickening.
Microscopic analysis of mucosal specimens collected at surgery demonstrated thickening of sinus mucosa, epithelial hyperplasia, mucous metaplasia, moderate to severe subepithelial fibrosis, and glandular atrophy.
