Once bound to monocytes, they activate them to enhanced expression of integrins and migration through the endothelial cell layer [ 29, 32].
On the other hand, the secondary response by PECs can be deleterious if they are activated to express CD44 or undergo EMT.
These data suggest that when these IL-10-producing CD4+CD25+ T cells encounter CII antigen in affected joints they become activated to exert an anti-inflammatory effect.
Thus, to prevent opioids from producing an excessive reduction of neuronal excitability, NMDARs are recruited to the MOR environment, where they become activated to restrain opioid signaling (45, 61).
HPCs form ductular reaction (DR), emanating from the portal zone and expanding into the parenchyma when they are activated to proliferate/differentiate, hepatocytic differentiation of these cells leads to the formation of intermediate hepatocytes [ 5].
However, when skeletal muscle is damaged by unaccustomed exercise or mechanical trauma, they are activated to proliferate, differentiate, and fuse with the already existing muscle fibers or fuse to form new muscle fibers [ 75, 84].
In contrast, the mentalizing areas were recruited on-demand, as a means for detecting and resolving perceived pragmatic anomalies, with little evidence they were activated to make partner-specific predictions about upcoming linguistic utterances.
These cells are distributed throughout the body and, when part of the worm has been amputated, they are activated to reform the tissues that have been removed (Wagner et al., 2011).
Chloroform is not mutagenic; however, the brominated THMs are, and they are activated to mutagens by glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) (DeMarini et al. 1997; Pegram et al. 1997).
