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Thus, it is unclear if enhancing the thermal variance around both unisexual means has the same or opposite effects on sex ratios.
Under these low thermal variance conditions above the OTR, higher temperatures reach values that are detrimental for development and survival but remain all-female-producing (Fig. 4).
Furthermore, a recent study in C. picta showed that increasing the thermal variance around an intermediate temperature had no effect in hatchling morphological, behavioral or immunological phenotypes, nor in embryonic mortality [13] thus, ruling out several potential negative effect of thermal variance at lower temperatures.
Above the OTR, increasing the thermal variance exposes embryos to excessively high temperatures that inhibit development and cause higher mortality, such that development occurs mostly at the lower temperatures resulting in a net masculinizing effect (Fig. 4).
Alternatively, the untested hypothesis that thermal variance itself induces differential fitness, or is correlated with such a variable [50], and therefore underlies the evolution or maintenance of TSD [15], should be considered.
While the potentially devastating effect of rising mean temperatures on sex ratios in TSD species is appreciated, the consequences of increased thermal variance predicted to accompany climate change remain obscure.
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Just a topography of thermal variances, to be assimilated and taken advantage of by the pilgrims.
The thermal noise variance may also be considered an 'unknown" but the bounds (3.4), (3.6) remain unchanged [2].
Next, let be the average interference to the user (which is in cell 1) generated by neighboring BSs other than BS 2 and let be thermal noise variance.
where represents the serving sector of user, is the total received power from user at sector, and is the thermal noise variance.
The rise-over-thermal (ROT) limiting the total received power at the base station is defined as P R max + σ th 2 / σ th 2, where σ th 2 is the thermal noise variance at the base station.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com