Exact(6)
Individuals were finally grouped into discrete thermal tactics based on their PCA scores.
The main objective of this study was to determine whether different thermal tactics exist among individuals of the same population.
The mean daily amplitude and mean temperature were compared among the above-defined thermal tactics and between years by two-way ANOVA.
This procedure allowed us to (i) define which temporal scales are important at the population level and (ii) eventually highlight the presence of different thermal tactics within the population, controlling for inter-annual variability.
On average, temperatures were slightly lower in 2005 than in 2003 (F1,28 = 5.32, P = 0.029), but the pattern among thermal tactics I IV was similar between the two years (no significant year – thermal tactic interaction).
Since the four temporal scales are strongly correlated to either the first or the second PCA axis, the axes can be used to operationally define four thermal tactics associated with the four quarters of the PCA plot (tactics I IV; see Figure 2 and Figures S2, S3, S4, S5, S6).
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To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies showing the occurrence of different thermal behaviour tactics within a fish population.
Both mean temperature and mean daily thermal amplitude varied among the four tactics described above (Figures 2 and 3).
Despite some evidence of within-population phenotypic variation in thermal behaviour, the occurrence of alternative tactics of this behaviour is rarely explicitly considered when studying natural populations.
Despite experimental evidence of within-population phenotypic plasticity in ectotherm thermal behaviour, the occurrence of alternative thermoregulatory tactics is still rarely considered explicitly when studying natural populations [e.g., 8,20].
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