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Ultrasonics and thermal methods appear most promising in this regard.
There are a number of alkaline, acid, and thermal methods of refining bauxite, clay, or other ores to obtain alumina.
Among thermal methods is high-temperature incineration, which not only can detoxify certain organic wastes but also can destroy them.
Thermal methods involve heat transfer and a phase change of the water from liquid into vapour or ice.
In its Qarn Alam project, which began full operations this year, thermal methods are used — in some cases, they involve setting fire to oil to create steam and gas.
Thermal methods have been widely used for heavy oil recovery.
For comparison, GO is reduced by chemical and thermal methods.
However, reservoirs at great depth or thin pay zones are not good candidates for thermal methods.
However, thermal methods are not suitable for thin layers and deep reservoirs.
Existing thermal methods such as SAGD and "huff and puff" already use thermal reduction of viscosity.
The heavy oil reservoirs in Saskatchewan are not suitable for thermal methods or miscible CO2 flood.
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