Exact(1)
The image of undisturbed ground temperature was obtained by running a natural state simulation (Figure 6), imposing the ground temperature (13.79°C) and the expected temperature at 125-m depth (it was calculated by knowing the average temperature of the area all over the year and the thermal flow rate from the earth).
Similar(59)
The dependence of the thermal efficiency on meteorological conditions and important tube design parameters, including tube size, thermal characteristics (flow rate, heat loss coefficient, absorption coefficient of the selective absorbing coating), was investigated.
These include thermal oil flow rate and CO2 mass flow rate etc.
It is obvious from Equation (21) that Prandlt number Pr = μ c p k Open image in new window plays an important role in the determination of magnitude of thermal fluid flow rate induced by buoyancy.
Correspondingly, around 25%, 26% and 29% of the charging time could be reduced respectively compared to the experiment with a thermal oil flow rate of 9.8 L/min, according to the numerical simulation.
Increasing the thermal fluid mass flow rate from 0 to 18 kg h−1, or the receiver thermal insulation from 0.01 to 0.08 m, increases the maximum storage temperature by 65 and 17 °C, respectively.
Fig. 9 Thermal power versus flow rate.
Fig. 18 Maximum storage temperature as a function of the thermal fluid mass flow rate.
Thermal annealing (400°C, flow rate of 4.1 L/min using Ar/H2, 5 min) was necessary to remove residual tape adhesive and ambient molecules from the Si substrate surface.
The effects of various parameters such as tube outlet temperature, tube wall thermal conductivity, mass flow rate, and tube wall thickness have been investigated.
Numerical simulations were conducted to understand the thermal runaway process and the effects of flow rate, thermal abuse reactions, nail penetration depth, and nail diameter.
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