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This reduced-scale of 4 street canyon rows is designed in order to give realistic measurements of thermal confinement.
The thermal confinement of a magnetized fusion plasma is essentially determined by the turbulent heat conduction across the equilibrium magnetic field.
A key aspect of this flow is the presence of a high temperature region at the contact line between the wire and the channel wall, due to thermal confinement (stagnation).
The voltage reduction could be understood from the high Joule heating efficiency and the good thermal confinement.
In thermal confinement regime, pulse duration is shorter than the time needed for heat dissipation in target (τp ≪ t tc).
Under thermal confinement, the absorbed energy is almost instantaneously (characteristic time, ∼10−12 s) transformed in thermal energy leading to immediate increase NP temperature.
Similar(43)
Pulse duration does not meet both acoustic and thermal confinements (Eqs. 1 and 2) for nanosecond range of pulse duration, 1 10 ns and more.
Assuming both stress and thermal confinements are satisfied, the PA maximum pressure, p 0, at the pressure source can be expressed as follows [ 20] where Γ is the local (r) Grüneisen parameter, μ a is wavelength dependent local (r) optical absorption coefficient, and F is wavelength-dependent local laser fluence.
Indeed, without confinement, thermal fluctuations would prevent sustained contact between the cell and the substrate, which is required for force transmission, and the cell would 'drift away', as no specific adhesions are there to anchor it to the substrate [ 30].
The advantage of the use gold core polymer shell NP could be the promotion of the fulfillment of thermal and acoustic confinements with increasing of tP.
The advantage of the use of such two-layered NP could be the promotion of the fulfillment of thermal and acoustic confinements with increasing of tP.
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