Ejection fraction, therefore, is a benchmark for assessing ventricular function and failure on a chronic basis.
This set of data, therefore, provides a benchmark of expression levels of different genes within mouse muscle tissue, something that was not possible to obtain reliably with microarrays because of variation in sensitivity of hybridization among the probes [ 10].
We selected p21 Waf1 / cip1 as a marker for measuring the extent of the transcriptional reactivation of p53 by PRIMA-1 at both mRNA and protein levels, because the promoter of the p21 gene exhibits high occupancy to wild-type p53 protein on its p53 binding sites, in vivo; it is therefore considered a benchmark for p53-dependent genes [ 22].
This effect is, therefore, a reasonable benchmark for a novel LABA to achieve and this degree of acute bronchodilation is considered clinically meaningful.
The osmotic activated HOG (high osmolarity glycerol) MAPK pathway, which is used by S. cerevisiae and other fungi to sense the osmotic pressure in the environment and maintain water homeostasis, is among the most thoroughly studied networks in yeast and is therefore an excellent benchmark against which to validate the proposed method [ 36, 37].
The proposed model may, therefore, serve as a benchmark for future empirical research.
Consequently, a split benchmark set is proposed: the first part contains datasets with motifs that can in principle be recognized and can therefore serve as a benchmark for algorithms based on such models; the second part contains the remaining datasets, useful to evaluate more powerful models.
ISS is therefore better suited as a benchmark for comparison (between patient groups or trauma centres) and not practically useful as a triage tool.
hSTINGS162A/G230I/Q266I might therefore be used as a benchmark hSTING synthetic allele in future drug development studies using humanized mouse models.
