However, the node energy availability expression and the system instantaneous reliability expression are not in closed form, thereby making calculation cumbersome.
On the other, diffusion analysis seeks to predict the rates of mass transfer in reaction product scales and the substrate alloy, thereby enabling calculation of overall corrosion rates and material lifetimes.
To further improve the computational efficiency, the interval perturbation method (IPM) is used to estimate the constraints, thereby the calculation for the constraints in each optimization loop becomes deterministic, and the double-loop nested problem is reduced to an approximate single-loop problem.
K-means++ uses different starting values, thereby increasing calculation speed and reliability.
These attributes may be associated with risk and thereby influence calculation of the latency period and exposure windows defined later.
However, the interpenetrating layer is not observed when fluorescent nanoparticles are used; thereby enabling calculation of the interpenetrating layer thickness.
To investigate the myths, we averaged 50 multiply imputed datasets to create one complete dataset, in which no outcome data were missing, thereby enabling calculation of a "true" treatment effect.
When sample size was reported in terms of the number of cultures over the entire study period, it was assumed that a constant number of cultures were obtained for each unit of time, in order to obtain the sample size for pre- and post-intervention periods, and thereby permit calculation of the confidence intervals for relative risk.
Because sepsis alone can amplify a drop in mHLA-DR expression, mHLA-DR expression data were excluded from the analysis after the onset of sepsis, thereby precluding calculation of a difference in mHLA-DR expression between septic and non-septic patients at days 7 and 8, 9 and 10, and 11 and 12 (because of insufficient numbers of values for statistical analysis).
Since the efficiencies of the two primer pairs (PpAOX2 prom fw/ PpAOX2 prom rev and PpAOX1 TT fw/ PpAOX1 TT rev) were nearly identical, they were replaced by a common mean efficiency, thereby simplifying calculations.
