Subsequently, all variables with p value<0.2 were inserted in a stepwise logistical regression model to investigate the association by obtaining the adjusted odds ratios (ORA) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), thereby adjusting for confounders and effect modifiers likely to influence the outcomes.
The increase in radioactivity was calculated by subtracting the activity in a blood sample taken just before the injection from that taken 5 min after the injection, thereby adjusting for any remaining radioactivity from previous measurements.
The Benjamini and Hochberg (BH) method was used to control the false discovery rate [36] and thereby adjust for multiple testing of several miRNAs at the same time.
Using the index operationalization that scales each index to values between 0 and 1, thereby adjusting for the different number of deficits included in the two indices and allowing direct comparison between the two datasets, the strength of association was similar in the CSHA and NPHS.
As main measure of mortality we used SMR, thereby adjusting for the mortality of the background population.
However, the differences were not significant, and the preintervention variables had been used as covariates in general linear modeling, thereby adjusting for any group differences.
To assess differences in the mean motor AO among Western and Southern European samples, we used the general estimating equation (GEE), thereby adjusting for related samples.
We addressed this aim by estimating fixed effects (Stata command xtreg option fe) [ 47] within twin pairs, thereby adjusting for unobserved familial factors.
Despite the fact that we adjusted for disease severity when medication was initiated, thereby adjusting for pre-existing respiratory illness, we still found a clear underuse of spirometry among the unemployed.
It is possible that a hospital may promote premature discharge in order to lower in-hospital mortality, thereby adjusting for LOS to allow for a fair comparison of hospital performance.
