In the case that an external shock event is present ((SE=^ se, SE in vec {SE}_{V})), there exists a probability of it affecting node V, expressed as a local conditional probability fragment p(+ v|+ se).
Furthermore, there exists a probability of collision p c (k), with which the i-th malicious SU's local decision d i m ( k ) is inconsistent with FC's global decision D k), which can be denoted as p c ( k ) = P ( d i m ( k ) ≠ D ( k ) ) = P ( H 0 ) P ( d i m ( k ) ≠ D ( k ) | H 0 ) + P ( H 1 ) P ( d i m ( k ) ≠ D ( k ) | H 1 ) (33).
For any sequence of probability measures on which converges to a probability measure, there exists a probability space and random variables, with values in such that the probability law of (resp., ) is (resp., ) and -a.s.s
These theorems show that if preferences among acts meet certain constraints, such as transitivity, then there exist a probability function and a utility function (given a choice of scale) that generate expected utilities agreeing with preferences.
The inverse problem is to determine whether a set of fragmentary probabilities or marginal distributions is conformable in the sense that there exists a probability space or joint distribution that yields these fragmentary probabilities or marginal distributions.
Although it is hard to speculate the possible roles of the gmhA-gmhB fused protein in MTC, there exists a high probability of it forming a bi-functional protein with two domains.
The experimental design is based on two central features: first, there exists a decreasing probability of surviving which implies an uncertain future income; and, secondly, there are two sequences of income, one when individual works and another when she is retired.
Subjects make consumption and saving decisions in an environment with two central features: first, there exists a decreasing probability of survival; and second, in addition to the regular income they get while active, they receive a unique lump-sum payment when retired.
In countries where traditional dairy system, involving human subjects in milking and processing of milk, is in practice; there exists a high probability of cross-contamination of microorganisms between human and animal products.
During installation of the patch, there exists a (low) probability of immediate conflict, e.g., a flat assumption of 10% or a measure published by a software vendor.
There exists a high probability of a great earthquake rupture along the subduction megathrust under the Mentawai Islands of West Sumatra in the near future.
