By having evidence explained by the same theory, we used belief functions to combine them in a way that the theory propositions (cause-effect values) result from combined evidence.
In line with the realist evaluation approach, cases were purposively selected to allow testing of the programme theory propositions and to improve our understanding of why programmes work for some and not for others [ 15].
Popper postulated (Popper, 1959) that a hypothesis, proposition, theory or in the case of systems biology a model, is 'scientific' only if it is falsifiable.
On this view, his skepticism is very similar to the Pyrrhonian skepticism advocated by Sextus Empiricus: the skeptic is someone who refuses to accept any philosophical theory or proposition as rationally warranted, and insists that further examination is always required.
According to this theory a proposition p is true at a moment t if and only if it is true at t for every chronicle c passing through t, and a proposition p is false if and only if it is false for every chronicle c passing through t.
For that reason, everything one can speak about or think of is both a thing and an atomic state of affairs, while every true sentence expresses a molecular state of affairs, that is, the union (if the sentence is affirmative) or the separation (if the sentence is negative) of two (or more) atomic objects (on Wyclif's theory of proposition see Cesalli 2005).
However, even if Quine asks too much, any good theory of propositions ought to have something to say about when propositions are identical and when they are distinct.
Some time between 1908 and 1910 he begins to deny the existence of propositions and this denial continues until he develops a theory of propositions as structures of images or words in (1918).
Different theorists differ, not just in their views about what propositions are, but also in their views about what a theory of propositions should explain.
Hanks, King, and Soames take one of the primary tasks of a theory of propositions to be the explanation of the representational properties of propositions.
