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Though the connection to acquaintance is not explicit there, in more recent work Gertler defends the same view as an "acquaintance approach" to introspective knowledge, so called because it is inspired by Russell's theory of acquaintance (2011, 2012).
Either way, however, given that misidentification of extra-mental particulars is obviously possible, the permissive theory of acquaintance requires denying the claim that all cases of misidentification involve differences in thought constituents.
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What about the possibility of acquaintance with ourselves?
An acquaintance theory of justification that requires acquaintance with a proposition's truth maker in order for the subject to be justified in believing the proposition may seem to require too much.
4. For a more detailed account and defense of an acquaintance theory of noninferential justification see Fumerton (1995).
BonJour, once one of the leading coherence theorists of empirical justification, has recently moved to a version of the acquaintance theory of justification.
This version of the acquaintance theory relies critically on the fundamental concept of acquaintance in understanding both noninferential and inferential knowledge.
It's also worth noting that although talk of acquaintance often brings sense-datum theory to mind, there is nothing about the commitment to acquaintance itself that entails such a commitment.
Russell proposed what we might call an acquaintance-based theory of thought, according to which some of our thoughts are directly about the individuals they concern.
Russell appears to have developed this theory around 1913, while working on his Theory of Knowledge manuscript and on his 1914 Monist article, "On the Nature of Acquaintance".
Although it has been said that the apple story is a myth and that he did not arrive at his theory of gravity in any single moment, acquaintances of Newton (such as William Stukeley, whose manuscript account of 1752 has been made available by the Royal Society) do in fact confirm the incident, though not the cartoon version that the apple actually hit Newton's head.
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