Feyerabend used the notion of incommensurability to characterize the relation between two successive fundamental, universal scientific theories interpreted realistically; i.e. as purported descriptions of reality.
Gestalt psychologists, for example, emphasised holistic aspects of perception (Palmer, 1996) while empiricist theories interpreted visual perception in terms of sensation and association (Spelke, 1990).
The other dimension along which deflationary theories vary concerns the nature of the equivalence that the theories interpret instances of the equivalence schema as asserting.
2 Several modularist theories interpret Heider and Simmel's (1944) findings as evidence for "false-positive" detections carried out by an evolutionarily ancient, automatic, fast and parallel perceptual module that has evolved to use Type 1 processes to detect goal-seeking behaviours (see, e.g., Atran and Norenzayan 2004; Baron-Cohen 1995).
Surveys individual and social psychology and organization theory interpreted in the context of the managerial environment.
To address this inquiry requires the construction of a linkage between the grounded theory interpreted from the findings and the meanings ascribed to the terms drawn from the literature, 'obsessed maniac' and 'clairvoyant oracle'.
Second, even if that problem is surmounted, it has seemed to many that Kant's theory, interpreted in this way, implies a radical form of skepticism that traps each of us within the contents of our own mind and cuts us off from reality.
One kind of philosophical criticism that has sometimes been made of game theory, interpreted as a mathematical tool for modelling behavioral phenomena, is that its application always or usually requires resort to false, misleading or badly simplistic assumptions about those phenomena.
The uncertainty shown in this pattern might be affected by a company's fortunes, or the state of the economy, but according to the theory, interpreting the pattern requires no knowledge of any of this.
How should decision theory interpret the probability of a state S if one performs an act A, that is, P(S if A)? Probability theory offers a handy suggestion.
To make expected utility track efficacy rather than auspiciousness, causal decision theory interprets the probability of a state if one performs an act as a type of causal probability rather than as a standard conditional probability.
