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When a theme occurred once, it may have been an accident, twice was considered a coincidence, and three or more occurrences (from different participants) suggested that the theme occurrence was beyond mere chance and a pattern was emerging in the data [43].
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For example, for each of the four coded themes, occurrence rates range from 27 to 44 summed across all sources.
When exploring the topics in which participants experienced 'change', we came across five different themes: frequent occurrence and acceptance in the host country, accepting of others but not of self, less social control in the host country, increased sense of individualism, and feeling more strongly and protective of the values of the home country.
To develop a better understanding concerning perceived ease of use of the automated calls and usefulness, the responses to the semi-structured questionnaire were coded, regrouped into themes and occurrences were counted.
The weightage employed is in accordance with the respective importance of the map theme to groundwater occurrence following the approach of Saraf and Choudhary (1998), Rao and Jugran (2003), Prasad et al. (2008), Jha et al. (2010), Machiwal et al. (2011), Mukherjee et al. (2012) and Singh et al. (2013).
The study approach involved integration of nine different thematic layers (geology, rainfall geomorphology, soil, drainage density, lineament density, landuse, slope and drainage proximity) based on weights assignment and normalization with respect to the relative contribution of the different themes to groundwater occurrence using Saaty's analytic hierarchy approach.
A common theme, however, is the occurrence of adhesions at the site of injury of the tendon surface where fibrin clots form during haemostasis.
As for validity, I calculated the percentage for the frequency of occurrence of each Theme pattern per the total instances of Theme patterns in a text.
Occurrence of themes and codes was then quantified using frequency analysis.
Merging data implies that texts and images are combined with numeric information, e.g., by counting the occurrence of themes in a text or narrative, thus transforming aspects of the written statements into numbers.
The additional text was read and re-read, identifying the occurrence of themes and generating a coding frame of 13 categories, which were clearly operationalized to allow for consistency and coherence in the coding (see Table 1).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com