They lower tariff barriers between their signatories, but not everyone else.
Because criminal agreements have no legal force, it's tempting to think of pirate articles as quaint — if not misguided, considering how often they showed up in court as evidence against their signatories.
In both cases, however, the proposals had been drafted by cross-party commissions which committed all their signatories to support them; the Smith Commission document in December was backed too by the SNP.
And we should pay special tribute to my colleagues in the "down and dirty" Science is Vital campaign with their 35,000 signatories approving their direct pressure on Westminster and Whitehall, which shows that political action by scientists can produce results.
In the often fierce debate among environmentalists over responses to climate change, Shellenberger, Nordhaus, and their co-signatories have, to their credit, championed global equity, questioned received wisdom, and convened diverse, contentious gatherings.
Some critics, however, accused the pair of being "transphobic", and claimed that their co-signatories included some feminists with anti-transgender motives.
Conforth, Wald and their co-signatories "call for an end to this, and similar attempts to capitalize upon Johnson's fame and mythology".
This focus on being an effective philanthropist addresses one of the many criticisms of the Giving Pledge, namely that it emphasised how much a person gives rather than how much difference their giving makes.Each signatory is required to explain why they signed.
In then-Czechoslovakia, the Charter 77 movement drew strength from exposing the hypocrisy of their government, a signatory to the accords.
The Mohegans became a signatory after their federal recognition in 1994.
