As Ward correctly noted, nonefficacious mental events are referred to in this essay as "collateral products" of their physical causes.
He is impressed by the fact that when we hear sounds as music we (can) hear them as events detached from their physical causes.
So, in order to avoid an unacceptable proliferation of causes for those physical effects (no "systematic overdetermination"), we need to conclude that the mental (biological, social, …) causes of those effects are not ontologically separate from their physical causes.
In particular, to use Newton's phrasing from the Scholium that ends Section 11, the physical species and physical proportions of forces could, in the appropriate sense, be established even though the question of their physical causes remained open.
Policies demanding that these kinds of cognitive and psychological limitations be documented by public demonstration or third-party confirmation should be abandoned, for they rely on mere faith in their having physical causes rather than on factual evidence that they do.
In their view the "right to die" should extend to anyone who really, sincerely wants to exercise it, whether or not their illness is terminal, and even if their suffering has no physical cause.
When they do seek clinical help, most people believe there is a physical rather than a psychological cause to their fatigue, although a physical cause is only identified by GPs in about a fifth of cases [ 5].
(P1) Patients sought to identify and treat the underlying physical cause of their symptoms, and for five informants the absence of organic findings fueled their fears about serious illness, functional disability and even death.
People attributing a physical cause to their symptom were much more likely to consult than those attributing a psychological cause.
