MD simulations demonstrate that the rather complex modules of VCP/SPICE and their mutants exhibit a high degree of intermodular spatial mobility, which is affected by surface mutations.
The changes in electrostatic potential, which was calculated using Delphi, were compared to the changes in pH optimum of four hydolases and their mutants.
RNRL1 and RNRS1 encode the subunits of ribonucleotide reductase that is required for chloroplast biogenesis during early leaf development, and their mutants exhibit chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field condition (Yoo et al. 2009).
Transcriptome analysis has the advantage of being able to quantify changes in gene transcript levels at different developmental stages in wild-type species, their mutants, and cultivars with different genetic backgrounds.
The review critically summarizes procedures for the isolation and purification of native and engineered eubacterial elongation factors EF-Tu and their mutants on a large as well as small scale.
coli) overexpression systems of Baeyer Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs), cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) and cyclopentanone monooxygenase (CPMO) and their mutants derived from directed evolution were used as catalysts in oxidations of six 4-substituted cyclohexanones.
Synthetic biologists opt for gene-combinatorial methods whereby large numbers of pathways, comprising several combinations of genes from different sources, and their mutants, are evaluated in search for an optimal pathway configuration.
GFP-Rabs, Rab4, Rab5, Rab7, Rab11, GTPases served as key regulators of vesicular transport, and their mutants were transfected to Caco-2 cells respectively to determine the cellular itinerary of WGA-NP and the role of Rabs therein.
On this account, genes were taken as abstract elements of an equally abstract space, whose structure, however, could be explored through the visible and quantifiable outcome of breeding experiments based on model organisms and their mutants.
Two mutants of Endo-D (N322A and N322Q) can also attach a Man3GlcNAc tetrasaccharide to a fucosylated GlcNAc-containing Fc (Fan et al., 2012) whereas none of Endo-D, Endo-A and their mutants can transfer intact complex-type N-glycan to either fucosylated or non-fucosylated GlcNAc-containing Fc.
Near-infrared fluorescent proteins (NIR FPs) engineered from bacterial phytochromes and their mutants with different location of Cys residues, which able to bind a biliverdin chromophore, or without these Cys residues were studied using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, NIR fluorescence and circular dichroism.
