Sentence examples for their duplications from inspiring English sources
Their duplications appear to have been induced by repetitive sequences that flank these sequences (Supplementary Fig. S1).
OtAGEs and/or TEs are also located at both the ends of these CDSs (Supplementary Fig. S2), suggesting that their duplications have also been induced by repetitive sequences.
We dated their duplications by Ks analysis of Populus WRKY III genes and demonstrated that all the blocks were formed after the divergence of monocots and dicots.
The phylogenetic relationship of each of the four BX-type P450s is robust and the Bx genes of the CYP71C subfamily genes in maize, wheat and wild barley are thus out-paralogs, their duplications occurring before speciation events.
BlastN and TBlastN [ 44] searches of contigs, scaffolds and ESTs from FlyBase [ 38] were performed using D. melanogaster OXPHOS CDSs and peptides listed in the MitoDrome database [ 12] as queries to identify orthologous OXPHOS genes and their duplications in Drosophilidae and other insect genomes.
Contigs, scaffolds and ESTs from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [ 50] and StellaBase [ 51] were searched using the human OXPHOS peptides from Swiss-Prot [ 52] to identify orthologous OXPHOS genes and their duplications in F. rubripes, zebrafish (D. rerio) and N. vectensis.
In order to shed light to the temporal variation of selective constraints acting on duplicated genes following their duplication, we focused on the evolution of fairly recent duplicated genes at a time scale appropriate for coding sequence evolution rates analysis.
Duplicate genes undergo relaxed selection shortly after their duplication, which enables them to tolerate more nucleotide changes than their single-copy counterparts.
Pure and mixed enteric bacteria enhance growth of ciliate organisms, shorten their duplication time and finally elevate net grazing rate.
Based on this work, we have defined the minimum suite of fabp genes prior to their duplication in the teleost lineages ~ 230 400 mya.
Their duplication is regulated by a protein kinase of conserved structure, the C. elegans ZYG-1 or its Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) counterpart in other organisms [2 4].
