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While in experimental studies this requirement is satisfied by randomly assigning units to treatments, in observational studies we could eliminate confounding bias by comparing units with similar values on their confounding variables but different treatment value (matching design).
The manic depressive experience emerges through an excess of energies and passions - rage, sorrow, joy, horror - or their confounding absence.
Coldplay met at UCL, and if their confounding success isn't encouragement enough I don't know what is.
Although many individual health behaviours have been implicated in the current rise in obesity levels, their confounding or cumulative effects have yet to be established.
But from the moment they made their appearance onstage, I found myself involved in their confounding, sorrowful lives — lives still full of yearning despite the bitterness.
The stepwise addition of socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health status variables documents their confounding.
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ST. PETERSBURG, Fla .— One year after establishing himself as one of the Tampa Bay Rays' best players, B. J. Upton has become their most confounding.
We also included daily use of SABA and ICS to adjust for their potential confounding effects.
Other comorbidities and their potential confounding in this study have yet to be excluded.
A number of other factors associated with MS risk were also considered with regard to their potential confounding effect.
Furthermore, there may be unobserved factors that influence both variables and lead to their association (confounding) (Fig. 1).
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