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In low- and middle-income countries, for example, more than one-quarter of live births involve newborns who are small for gestational age (SGA), because their birthweight or length was at or below the 10th percentile.
The social patterning of birthweight among children whose mothers reported their birthweight differed from that among children in the health card sample (Table 3).
The sample for the health card analyses comprised of all 3227 children that had their birthweight recorded on a health card, while the sample for the maternal recall analysis comprised of all 16 787 children that had their birthweight recorded based on maternal self-report (Table 1).
Over half of the women did not report their birthweight.
In comparison, term infants double their birthweight by 4 to 5 months [ 9].
The groups were comparable in terms of their birthweight distribution, Apgar score, and indicators of severe morbidity.
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In addition, studies of babies born after ovum donation showed that although their birthweights were strongly related to the birthweights of the recipient mother, they were unrelated to the weight of the female donors [19].
Nutritional supplementation in Guatemalan girls was associated with substantial increases in their offspring' birthweight and height and head circumference in childhood; supplementation in boys was not associated with offspring' growth (Behrman et al., 2009).
In conclusion, we have shown that compared with white British infants, Pakistani infants have higher absolute cord-blood leptin levels, reflecting greater birth fat mass despite their lower birthweight.
VLBW children are also at greater risk than their normal birthweight (NBW) peers for more subtle deficits including learning disabilities, anxiety disorders, social withdrawal, and social problems [ 2- 9], and are almost 50% more likely than NBW children to require special education services [ 10], even in the absence of major neurocognitive disability[ 11].
Though HIV infected and uninfected infants had similar hemoglobin distributions at birth, by 12 months of age infected infants had a nearly 20 g/L lower mean hemoglobin and they were >5 times as likely to be anemic, even after adjusting for their lower birthweight.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com