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Our analysis is based upon the youngest fraction of the SOF cohort, consisting of 4097 Caucasian women between 65 and 69 years of age (Additional File 1).
The concentration of the youngest fraction, C1, was simulated with a dispersion model with a mean age that was tested over the range from 18 to 25 years, which is based on the range of mean ages of young groundwater in shallow and intermediate depth groundwater (Bexfield et al. 2012).
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Once the age of the young fraction is determined, the proportion of young water in the mixture can be determined from the ratio of the tracer concentration of the sample to the concentration expected for an unmixed sample of age corresponding to the young-fraction age.
Fractions of deep groundwater ranged from 39%to74%4%, while the young fraction ranged from 3% to 11%.
The independent parameters were the mean age and dispersion parameter of the young fraction (C1) and the mixing fractions of the young and deep fraction (f1 and f3).
The age of the young fraction in the final models was about 20 to 21 years (Table 2).
Although the young fraction also varied with pumping season, the fraction of young water was highest during the summer (11.4%), when pumping was at a maximum, and lowest during the winter (3.2%).
On the basis of these results, the tested age range of the young fraction in models for winter samples was restricted to between 20 and 23 years because the CFC data were not useful for further constraining the age range of the young fraction in the samples.
The age of the young fraction for the summer samples was between 20 and 23 years in all model calculations having a total error less than 10%, although the tested range included ages between 18 and 25 years.
However, the old fraction was treated as a single source of water represented by a broad distribution of ages because a primary focus of that paper was in obtaining estimates of the young fraction in groundwater.
The one-sigma error for mean age of the young fraction was less than 1 year and for the dispersion parameter was less than 0.015 for all model calculations.
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