The WSE loss function based on the sample median is utilized when statistical testing supports the LOS/NLOS state, while the WSE function using the sample mean is employed when statistical testing indicates that the sensor is in the LOS state.
The relationship between utility and BCVA in the WSE is a major source of uncertainty and there are no published studies that can be used to estimate utilities in the WSE.
Our approach was to assume that utilities would be the same for the BSE and WSE in the highest BCVA health state, while for all other BCVA health states, utilities for the WSE would be proportional to but higher than utilities for the BSE, with the greatest difference between the BSE and WSE at the lowest BCVA health state.
The WSE is the regional champion in terms the number of initial public offerings, or IPOs.
The WSE is already luring companies from Ukraine and Romania, big economies with fragmented stockmarkets (it has a stake in Sibex, one of Romania's two warring exchanges).
The WSE has also benefited from Poland's slow privatisation programme, which has gradually put many companies into the hands of the country's 14 conservative pension funds.
It also calculates that it provides each company with more liquidity in its shares: an average turnover of €36m ($49m) a year, compared with €19m on the WSE.
The London Stock Exchange has attracted many foreign listings from Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan; Ludwik Sobolewski, chief executive of the WSE, says London is his model.
The ISE is still state-owned, and like the WSE has not managed to extend its sphere of influence much, apart from stakes in the exchanges of Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan.
The Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) has been successful at providing liquidity for local companies: it has nearly double the market capitalisation and five times the turnover of the WSE.
It is the only one with a lively futures market.Whereas the group of exchanges connected to Vienna has seen just one IPO since 2007, there have been 25 flotations on the WSE so far this year, raising 15 billion zlotys ($5 billion).
