Nerve injury was confirmed by motor defects using the BMS and the development of allodynia using the Von Frey withdrawal test (Fig. 7A).
In order to test whether etorphine activity at DOP receptors blocked KOP receptor-mediated antinociception, the tail withdrawal test was performed with etorphine in the presence or absence of the DOP receptor antagonist, naltrindole.
T treatment did not affect basal nociception on either the hotplate or tail withdrawal tests, but significantly increased morphine's antinociceptive potency on the tail withdrawal test — however, this effect was small, and independent of duration of T exposure.
Since all the B. subtilis strains in Figure 1 were grown on Trp or a fluoroTrp in medium G which contained a wide range of added nutrients, the postulate that only a small number of genes forming an oligogenic barrier acted against the replacement of Trp by a fluoroTrp can be subjected to verification by the nutrient withdrawal test.
In the reactivity insertion test, which is the control rod withdrawal test, one pair out of 16 pairs of control rods is withdrawn, simulating a reactivity insertion event.
In the warm-water paw withdrawal test CFA-treated males exhibited longer latencies than CFA-treated females on day 11, but similar latencies on day 18.
It included all adult patients who received more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation and possessing the prerequisites for a withdrawal test.
Thermal nociceptive thresholds were assessed using the radiant-heat paw withdrawal test, as described previously (Butler et al., 1992).
Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated by the von Frey filament test and thermal paw withdrawal test, respectively.
More detailed analysis of the pattern of alcohol consumption revealed that dependent mice not only consumed greater overall amounts of alcohol compared to non-dependent mice, but also the rate of consumption was faster and progressively increased over successive withdrawal test periods (Griffin et al. 2009 b ).
