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The width of each layer increased with prolonging the bonding time and the growth rate of interfacial layers was dominated by the diffusion rate of alloying elements i.e. Cu, Ni and Ti.
It should be highlighted the width of each layer in the glass micromodel (W) was used instead of (D) which corresponds to the core diameter.
where nmax and nmin are the maximum and minimum refractive indices, respectively, P is the number of periods, N is the number of layers, i is the label representing an arbitrary layer within a certain interval, d is the width of each layer, and σ2 is the variance.
To quantify lamina-specific zif268 OD in layers 2/3, 4, and 6 inside each region of interest (central and peripheral area 17 and area 18) 3 nonoverlapping rectangles of constant width (0.3 mm) were put along the width of each layer (Fig. 1B), with the height of the rectangles adapted to layer thickness (L2/3 and 4: 0.4–0.8 mm; L6: 0.3 0.6 mm).
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Increasing σg, Z, Cs reduces the width of the layer.
The speed and the width of the layer are rigorously defined via dimensionless quantities.
After reaching 80 W, with the ultrasonic power increasing, the width of cladding layer increases while the thickness reduces gradually.
More specifically, we divide the field into a number of layers where the width of a layer not only decreases towards the base station, but also is composed of a certain number of clusters (sub layers).
The results show that with the increase of ultrasonic power in the range of 60 140 W, the mechanical effect and the acoustic streaming effect of ultrasonic increase the area of molten pool and the width of cladding layer.
In Figure 5d, it is clear that the width of the layer structure is about 3 μm.
Figure 3b, c shows the energy band diagram of the p n junction in dark and under UV light illumination at reverse bias, where the width of depletion layer and the barrier height will increase and weaken the dark current.
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