Late tonight, wire services reported that leaders of both the left-wing Communist Party and the Western-oriented Union of Right Forces backed the initiatives.
The Western-oriented speaker of parliament called the allegations "groundless".
Directly and indirectly, their work supported Viktor A. Yushchenko, the Western-oriented candidate who is now the president-elect.
Even many students and alumni of the Western-oriented business school where Mr. Obama gave the graduation address on Tuesday seemed merely respectful, but hardly enthralled.
He recently criticised the Western-oriented Republican party, which is part of the governing coalition, for supporting Georgia's former defense minister, Irakli Alasania.
Shobana Jeyasingh, who has created a solo work in response to the Courtauld exhibition, found inspiration in the slippage between the soft Cambodian studies and the harder lines of the western-oriented work.
He resigned from the government and the Western-oriented UNP in 1951 and was re-elected in 1952 as the founder of the nationalist Sri Lanka (Blessed Ceylon) Freedom Party, becoming leader of the opposition in the legislature.
Still, Farsi1 has drawn the ire of Iranian leaders, who say that the Western-oriented programming represents an assault on traditional Iranian values and is even corrupting the Iranian people.
"There's general agreement that there was a mistake that the Brits made, which is that they allowed the imperial administrators to perpetuate a kind of snobbishness over the Western-oriented gentlemen," one of these conservative thinkers told me last spring, just before the start of the war.
Mr. Leontyev has reported that not only President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia but all of his political opponents were hand-picked by "Washington casting," and said that the Western-oriented political revolutions in some post-Soviet countries had had "an external client, and that client can only sit in Washington".
