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Porcelli, A. M. et al. Respiratory complex I dysfunction due to mitochondrial DNA mutations shifts the voltage threshold for opening of the permeability transition pore toward resting levels.
However, significant departures from the linear prediction are expected for larger input amplitudes in the presence of strong nonlinearities, in particular when they are close to the voltage threshold for spike generation.
The horizontal dashed line shows the voltage threshold for spiking (−50 mV).
As a consequence, a smaller amount of current is required to reach the voltage threshold for spiking in these motoneurons.
One figure showing the voltage threshold for nanoprecipitation; one figure showing blockage of a pore functionalized with poly- l-lysine.
The horizontal dashed line shows the voltage threshold for spiking (−37 mV for the delayed firing motoneuron and −48 mV for the immediate firing motoneuron).
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Although the activation kinetics are too slow to contribute to the up-stroke of an action potential, the channel acts as a modulator of membrane excitability by contributing regenerative inward currents over a strategic membrane potential range both negative to, and overlapping with the voltage-threshold for other transient sodium channels.
Overall, the nanoparticles first acted to reduce the voltage threshold required for gas breakdown.
A stimulation frequency of 0.8 Hz, using 10 ms square pulses at twice the voltage threshold required for activation, was chosen as this was the lowest frequency at which the intrinsic heart rate was consistently overridden.
The larger in diameter reflects that the voltage threshold must be exceeded for the formation of stable solution jet.
The low voltage threshold for activation of Kv7 channels and their lack of inactivation during sustained depolarization suit Kv7 channels to a role in regulating the resting membrane potential (13).
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